International Energy Relations: September 2017

http://www.pennenergy.com/articles/pennenergy/2017/09/oil-and-gas-epa-says-oklahoma-oil-company-s-spill-cleaned-up-in-houston.html

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Heavy Oil

The Western Hemisphere possesses 69 percent of the world's technically recoverable heavy oil and 82 percent of the technically recoverable natural bitumen. In contrast, the Eastern Hemisphere possesses about 85 percent of the world's light oil reserves. Heavy oil and natural bitumen are present worldwide. The largest extra-heavy oil accumulation is the Venezuelan Orinoco heavy-oil belt containing 90 percent of the world's extra-heavy oil when measured on an in-place basis. Eighty-one percent of the world's known recoverable bitumen is located in the Alberta, Canada accumulation. Together the two deposits contain about 3,600 billion barrels of oil in place.

Coal

A black or brown rock that can be ignited or burned. When coal burns it produces energy as heat. This heat is mainly used to produce electricity. An increase in the use of coal could lead to a reduction in the need for non-renewable resources ; oil and gas. Coal has developed from the remains of plants that died 400million to 1million years ago. It is referred to as fossil fuel. Coal forming plants probably grew in swamps. No reliable estimates exist for the total amount of coal that lies beneath the earth's surface.

Platform Decommission

Platform decommissioning is a necessary step in offshore energy development. 1. Idle iron policy, 2. Rigs to reef, 3. Multiple agencies, 4. A notable success. The coastal marine insititute estimate that a typical eight leg platform structure provides home for 12,000 to 14,000 fish, individual reefing sites can have hundreds of them.
Decommissioning&Abandonment
Government legislation needs a refocus. Specific technical and time requirements is necessary.

Oil and Gas UK decommissioning 2016 Insight

A strong understanding from reservoir to near wellbore surface facility is needed to try and debottleneck production facilities.

Reverse engineer the well.

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