Green House GAS Reduction Target

Circular Approach to Tackling Waste
Transform future plastics dramatically reduce negative impacts of ocean pollution. Covers economic , natural, social capital
1. Design out waste and pollution
2. Keep products and materials in use
3. Regenerate natural systems (soil)
Areas of innovation chemical recycling, physical, solvent based recycling and purification technologies.
BEIS - Global research innovation hub, 
New Plastics Economy Report
Marine Plastics research and innovative framework 
Versalis



Exxon Mobile 
*improve energy efficiency in refinery and chemical manufacturing facilities*
2000 - effort launched showed a 10% improvement in energy efficiency to date
2013 - 7% net greenhouse emission decrease since 2000
2020 - significant improvements in emissions performance



Shipping Emissions to half by 2050
International Maritime Organization
emissions are to be phased out  by end of the century. Carbon reduction through Paris Agreement goals
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change


2017 Review
http://innovationenergytt.blogspot.com/2017/04/c02-ior-for-trinidad-energy-symposium.html

2017 Review

Two important questions

1. How do we stimulate investment into upstream oil and gas production?

2. What changes need to be made to attract energy investment?

The recommended solution
1. fiscal framework adjustments i.e. offer competitive and attractive investment 2. progress of helpful reforms and 3. flexibility at heart

Case: United Kingdom  example Taxes reduced with other measures to attract investment.

For local capability in Trinidad and Tobago:

1. Short term investment and long term stability

2. Cost & Efficiency for a stone proof industry considering safe to work collaboration

3. Institutional effectiveness - change and strengthening, high standards enable continued investment, talent retention, leads to greater competitiveness

4. Gas production prices - gas policy and pricing that recognises markets of competitivity

BpTT announcements for Trinidad :

Key plans for competitiveness

1. Energy Transitions
2. Vision over division
3. Courage over complacency
4. People over power

Exploration Well 1: Savanna in the Columbus Basin

Exploration Well 2: Macadamia in the Columbus Basin

The Honorable Colm Imbert acted as Minister of Energy, he said

World Oil Prices are volatile, decline in oil prices hurt the economy from $TT19 billion in 2014 to $TT2 billion in 2016. No business can survive in 90% drop in income.

At an oil price below $50/bbl the countries supplemental petroleum tax is lost which accounts for $TT 4 billion in 2014. The main problem in 2017 is the declining gas production. A need for

equitable outcomes for a win-win situation between operators and the government to maximize production. The result is The Energy Task Force to assist the country.

Future Outlook:

1. Offshore compression - 2018/2019 Venezuela dragon gas field
2. Sustain exploration and aggressive production
3. Total number of wells planned to be drilled in 2016 -17 has declined
4. Petrotrin boosts oil production land / marine
5. Land acreage, offshore and deepwater will be up tender based on operators fulfilling current commitments and those who have failed
6. Increased revenue and increased production
7. Asset integrity through an audit
8. Waste to Energy Landfill Initiative
9. Commercial Memorandum of Understanding between Cuba, Suriname and Guyana
10. Transfer of technology to local investors

2016 Review

Energy Conference 2016
1. Concerns over innovation and updating technology
2. Does an asset integrity assessment allow Operator's end of well reports for research and to implement good outcomes into new drill activities?
3. Does an asset integrity provided by the Government follow Operators End of Well Reports or  Balanced Reporting to push guidelines to be followed?
4. Is the serious and constant threat of wells sanding impact reserves estimates?
-used for example at predicting sanding zones.
5. What is the world oil scheme doing to promote new technology and innovation in drilling, completing and producing hydrocarbon wells?
6. The price of oil is expected to have a direct show on the technology we use. eg. permanent downhole gauges.
Tools that see into the wellbore provide important correlations that cannot be obtained or estimated from the surface.
7. Determining the best practice techniques is the direction to optimizing which is savings.
-Individual companies
-Oil producing countries
-Facilities Audit
-Consultants
-Protecting
-Monitoring
8. The decrease in oil prices is an opportunity to increase rate of return.

Link to Trinidad Energy Conference

UTT Auditorium 2016 Nov WTE Symposium
https://u.tt/index.php?page_key=17&main=1
Energy Chamber Host Waste to Energy Symposium 2016

Topics
Sustainable Energy
Renewable Energy
Green house gases
Environmental Management Awareness

A. Mr. Philip Bastiaenen Deputy Heady of Mission Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Remarks
1. Windfarm Caribbean Community
Jamaica 40 MW/Day
TnT peak 240MW -1200 MW / Dy
Tobago and other islands at 40 MW in peak demand
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DROZUstnsnw
Amsterdam Waste To Energy Exploration Video
2. Flue gas sensors at chimney of an Energy Plant Air Emission Sensors
 Correlation of %of incineration & recycling (including) composting
Graph from CEWEP - Eurostat 2016
http://www.cewep.eu/information/data/graphs/m_1486
3. Guadeloupe's example of an engineered landfill

B.Director SWMCOL History and Overview
1. 1980 dump sites across Trinidad and Tobago
2.Create a system to manage wastes and green house gases
3. At 90% methane generation to create 750MW power at 2000Tons on solid waste deposited a day

C.  Manager SWMCOL Laws and Policies
1. EMA2000Act Pesticide and Toxic Biomedical Litter Act
Article 2(e)
2009/28/EC
2. Leachate and Methane hazardous environmental situation
3. Mobile Tire shredder

D. Mr. Ruurd Schoolderman. Strategic Advisor Energy.TNO. Independent Knowledge Institute.
1. Aruba water Desalination plant
2. TNO can be used for Geologic Surveys, Reservoir Management or Applied Scientific Research
http://www.waterworld.com/articles/2010/11/desalination-plant-profile-aruba-the-pearl.html

E. Mr. Jan Rooijakkers.TNO.Caribbean Branch Office.
1. How to isolate control and check and engineered landfill? CourtesyCEWEP.
http://cewep.eu/
2. Impact on the control of greenhousegases.managing ecosystem gas.world naturalgas reserve.
3. Size of a recycle plant. Location of recycle plant. Economies of scale decisions
https://www.tno.nl/en/
youtube video aeb Amsterdam
4. Waste to Energy Process Exploration
Solid waste is feed stock for energy
Economies of scale $80MUS initial investment. Jobs for approximately 70ppl hired every 300,000Ton. Power generation of 50MW for every 300,000Ton of solid waste incinerated
5. Good Permit must be made first addressing noise, air pollutants and biogases
6. Impact of a recycling plant
Control ecosystem by managing waste to gas emissions

F. Dr. Thackwray Driver. 10% renewables 2021/PetrochemicalIndustries/
1. Ambitions
2. Culture
3. Laws
4. Capacity
5. Proven Existence
6. Production

G. Question and Answer Panel Session
- Dr. Thackwray Driver.CEO The Energy chamber of Trinidad and Tobago
- Mr Jan Rooijakkers. Consultant Environmental and Waste issues  TNO Applied Scientific Research Netherlands
- Mr. Ruurd Schoolderman.TNO
- Mr. Rambersad. Director SWMCOL

Q. Waste Management Framework
Q. Island people paying for waste removal
Q. Waste to energy company willing to assist SWMCOL
Q. Catastrophe for Politian not to address environmental problems
Q. Do you see changes and development in a large scheme occurring with existing technology
Q. Closest milestone towards renewable energy mandate-controlled recycling-assess situation
Q. Volumegasoutoflandfill30yrsold?-rocks/gas/
Perform Air Pollwww.surveymonkey.com
Q. Building a recycling plant depends on the state or the private sector?
http://www.ecoaruba.com/magazine/2005/issue1/P08.pdf
Q. volume gas output for 30 yr landfill
rocks / gas together/ new  technology higher recovery factor.

Waste to Energy
30-01-2014

The Beetham highway dump is a very serious hazard to commuters to and from Port-of-Spain.
It has large plumes of smoke rising from it's location most days of the year.
Schools and businesses are forced to close to combat the smell of the buring rubbish.

SWMCOL the Trinidad and Tobago Solid Wate Management Company Limited, is state owned.
The company manages three (3) waste dumps sites in Trinidad, with a very poor handling on the
Beetham Highway garbage dump. It often time has an underground furness.

Many countries / islands are faced the same problem. Tobago twin island faced with extream leaching.
How far would an underground travel?
What temperatures are reached and at what depth?
How old is this dump?
How to put out the fire below permanently?
How to avoid large plumes of suffucating smoke from hitting the lungs?
The gas being let out can it be reused?
All these are questions that have to be answered.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill_fire#endnote_us

Landfill fire
A landfill fire occurs when waste is that has been disposed openly ignites which leads it to spread.
In landfills that do not cover their waste with daily cover, biological decomposition creates substantial heat and can cause material in landfills to spontaneously combust.
In USA 40% of landfill fires are attributed to arson."WIKI" Trinidad numbers on the Beetham must not be very far away.

What makes it worst is that it is a subsurface fire with high combustion and highly toxic fumes escaping at un
expected vents. It is very similar to coal seam fires or peat fires. Streams, rivers and pools are threatened by leachate.
What is a liner? A liner is used below a garbage dump at initial installation to prevent harmful liquids contained within the landfill from escaping into groundwater.
No liner, serious environmental and health problems.
>>>>>> install gas recovery systems>>>>>>>>at beetham and drill for gas pockets

Boats cannot enter into Sea Lots harbor at special times of the day because of the think smoke travling over the water to the East usually puts the country under terror alert
At least 50ft wide

>>>>>>invest in the amount of methane gas produced by drilling >>>>>>>


To reduce toxic gas from landfills
Fight subsurface landfill fires :
1. Oxygen intrution control
2. Cannot be put out with water
3. Fuel quenching by allowing the landfill gas to build up
4. Daily cover of soil or material
5. Is it too late for lining the landfill?
6. Drill a well for injection of liquid carbon dioxide, smoldering can occur for months, eg. Maalaee, Hawaii
7. Portect your property and not allow any unwanted gang presence to start fires randomly to reignite an already hard to put out underground fire
8. Recycle
9. Cryogenic land freezing

Intense heating under the ground of the trash
Air quality is horrible
Potential emergencies
Underground biological and chemical reactions would cause the well integrity problems
www.iswa.org/
http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/SWFacilities/Fires/lffiresguide/default.htm

Temperatures get in excess of 170 degF

Landfill gas uses :
1. Biogas
2. Fertilizer
3. Thermal energy
4. Heat
5. Taxpayer savings against fossil fuels

http://www.epa.gov/lmop/documents/pdfs/overview.pdf




Methane gas found in a landfill is more than 20x  more potent by weight than CO2

http://www.aeieng.com/services/sustainability/landfill_gas.php

http://news.yahoo.com/trinidad-battles-landfill-fire-heavy-smoke-170946337.html


Landfill fires across the globe
https://www.google.tt/search?q=landfill+fire&newwindow=1&rlz=1C2WZPD_enTT396TT561&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ei=QPbqUqTlDrHLsQSAyIJo&ved=0CAkQ_AUoATgK&biw=1280&bih=631&dpr=1

http://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/fa-225.pdf

http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/st-louis-is-burning-20130510

http://www.landfillfire.com/histories.html

http://www.waste-management-world.com/articles/print/volume-11/issue-4/Features/understanding-landfill-fires.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill_fire

https://www.google.tt/search?q=underground+landfill+well&newwindow=1&rlz=1C2WZPD_enTT396TT561&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=x_rqUuTuEcKnkQf3hoGIDg&ved=0CAkQ_AUoATgK&biw=1280&bih=631#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=DZc72IzmeI3DJM%253A%3BxZpVFiXVU-nnsM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252F1.bp.blogspot.com%252F_c_a8Mekl9hE%252FTLB4bb0GkGI%252FAAAAAAAAAaY%252Fhyh0UX-WBvQ%252Fs1600%252Flandfill.gif%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fbe-eco-friendly.blogspot.com%252F2010_10_01_archive.html%3B450%3B438

https://www.google.tt/search?q=underground+landfill+well&newwindow=1&rlz=1C2WZPD_enTT396TT561&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=x_rqUuTuEcKnkQf3hoGIDg&ved=0CAkQ_AUoATgK&biw=1280&bih=631#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=jb64_v-ZrWRmvM%253A%3BsENg_EmLvEIkdM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.atsdr.cdc.gov%252FHAC%252Flandfill%252Fhtml%252Fimages%252Ffig5_2.gif%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.atsdr.cdc.gov%252FHAC%252Flandfill%252Fhtml%252Fch5.html%3B625%3B500

https://www.google.tt/search?q=underground+landfill+well&newwindow=1&rlz=1C2WZPD_enTT396TT561&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=x_rqUuTuEcKnkQf3hoGIDg&ved=0CAkQ_AUoATgK&biw=1280&bih=631#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=g_ZfsV7u4PxjVM%253A%3B6D1KR5N-USZhIM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.clu-in.org%252Fproducts%252Fintern%252Fleaklnf1.gif%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.clu-in.org%252Fproducts%252Fintern%252Fleaklnfl.htm%3B516%3B330

https://www.google.tt/search?q=underground+landfill+well&newwindow=1&rlz=1C2WZPD_enTT396TT561&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=x_rqUuTuEcKnkQf3hoGIDg&ved=0CAkQ_AUoATgK&biw=1280&bih=631#facrc=_&imgdii=g_ZfsV7u4PxjVM%3A%3BO53NRHxsK8igfM%3Bg_ZfsV7u4PxjVM%3A&imgrc=g_ZfsV7u4PxjVM%253A%3B6D1KR5N-USZhIM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.clu-in.org%252Fproducts%252Fintern%252Fleaklnf1.gif%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.clu-in.org%252Fproducts%252Fintern%252Fleaklnfl.htm%3B516%3B330